Global Epistemological Skepticism Essay - 1132 Words

Epistemological skepticism is the idea that individuals lack knowledge or justification for a specific group of propositions (Barnett, 2014). Skepticism with respect to all propositions is known as global skepticism, and it reveals that knowledge is nonexistent (2014). The regress problem is a difficulty in epistemology, where an idea has to be justified, because the justification itself has to have further reasoning (2014). The infinite regress argument concludes that individuals lack justification and knowledge (since knowledge requires justification) through its premises, but non-doxastic evidence ends the regress argument without circularity or arbitrariness. The infinite regress argument dates back to Sectus Empiricus, 3rd century†¦show more content†¦First, B cannot be a reason for B itself, and second, a reason for B cannot alternate between B and that reason. In other words, circular reasoning is expelled from being proper justification, and foundational reasons are not sufficient due to the absence of a further reason. If both conditions are true, then the chain of reasons for any belief is potentially infinite or unlimited. The problem with infinitism is that an infinite number of beliefs, whether potential or not, do not exist. Humans have finite minds and finite lives, and eventually after being questioned numerous times there will be no more reasons that could be possibly formed to justify a belief. For example, when a child continues to ask his or her parent â€Å"Why?†, after a series of reasons the parent will not be able to devise an answer to the question. Therefore, infinitism is not a strong response to skepticism. Coherentism is the view that individuals have justified beliefs, which result from a finite system of beliefs that promote each other non-circularly without the requirement for justification outside of the system (2014). For coherentism, justification is a procedure in which all of the beliefs are seen wholly as a system rather than individual parts. For example, V, V, and V are beliefs. The beliefs V, V, and V work together to achieve epistemic justification without the need for any furtherShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The World Through The Study Of Knowledge1862 Words   |  8 Pagesapproaches to epistemology is that they are incapable of effectively dealing with standards and inquiries of justification. Naturalized epistemologies questions the tradition in arguing that the sort of cognitive processes is more of a central epistemological interest than the search for elements and justification. However, Traditionalists have replied by challenging the logic of the descriptivist’s assertion to be epistemologists to some extent (i.e Dretske 1985, Kim 1988, Stroud 1984). One methodRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy Essay2099 Words   |  9 Pagesknowledge, Descartes then states that the logical next step would be to doubt every single thing that we believe, as without certainty, nothing can constitute knowledge. Certainty plays a pivotal and yet simple role in Descartes argument for global skepticism, yet its role is one that evolves throughout his meditations. Descartes starts off saying that only one thing is truly certain - the fact that nothing is certain – and from there goes on to explore what we can and cannot be certain of. DescartesRead MorePhilosophy Syllabus1562 Words   |  7 PagesCity COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Second Semester, AY 2015-2016 COURSE SYLLABUS HUM 102 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY 3 Units Prerequisite: None UNIVERSITY VISION A University which shapes a global Filipino imbued with moral courage nurtured through values and excellent education. UNIVERSITY MISSION Batangas State University commits to develop productive citizens by providing the highest standard of instruction, research, extension serviceRead MorePhilosophy 101 Study Guide Essay3857 Words   |  16 Pagesdown; Plato his prized student wrote down everything and that’s how we know about it/him and Aristotle was Plato’s student. Chapter 4 What’s the difference between local skepticism and global skepticism? Local skepticism is the view that one can not possess knowledge in some particular domain. Global skepticism is the view that one can not know anything at all. Why did Descartes insist that we begin by doubting everything we thought we knew? His aim was to use this method of doubtingRead MoreAn Ideal Social Policy Of The Rule Of Law And The Way Amendments Essay1841 Words   |  8 Pagesentrepreneurship culture. In addition, improving the economy by increasing employment through having an entrepreneurial society raises the potential of social capital. In this way, there is calculated risk-taking, which ensures individuals’ business ideas get a global platform for prosperity. Successively, entrepreneurialism provides a country with significant mechanisms to address and improve the ecosystem around by improving the education, security, healthcare systems, and other auxiliary services such as banksRead MoreBakit hangad ng mga bansang Asyano na magkaroon ng pambansang Wika?5719 Words   |  23 Pagesabsolutely certain. It is from this point that Descartes proceeds to demonstrate  God’s existence and that God cannot be a deceiver. This, in turn, serves to fix the certainty of everything that is clearly and distinctly understood and provides the epistemological foundation Descartes set out to find. Once this conclusion is reached, Descartes can proceed to rebuild his system of previously dubious beliefs on this absolutely certain foundation. These beliefs, which are re-established with absolute certaintyRead MoreStarbucks Thesis12058 Words   |  49 Pagesgood social citizens while still being profitable. Acting social and ethical responsible has become an expectation rather than a differentiation strategy to obtain organizational legitimacy. Therefore, this thesis examines how the very successful global coffee company, Starbucks, communicates its CSR initiatives through its corporate website. 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So, given that every paradigm in every place at every time has had epistemological reasons for being the only right one thus far, why does the boat get rocked time and again, why are waves made, why does change happen, when everything is fine as it is? Even if there are a few wrinkles in an otherwise fully adequate explanationRead MoreImpa ct of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagesyo-yo, forever destroying and remaking itself in never-ending big bangs. Each of the cosmological theories has, at different times, found totally ironclad evidence t o support it. So, given that every paradigm in every place at every time has had epistemological reasons for being the only right one thus far, why does the boat get rocked time and again, why are waves made, why does change happen, when everything is fine as it is? Even if there are a few wrinkles in an otherwise fully adequate explanation

A Social Problem Attention From The Media And Judicial System

After the community began to take notice it became a social problem drawing attention from the media and judicial system. Numerous lawsuits have been filed against the city on the basis of individuals who have been subjected to the use of the policy. Multiple lawsuits questioned the legality of the actions taken by the officers in the course of the search. The communities most affected by the policy are those living in the low income areas. They are subjected to disproportionate stops and frisk mainly targeting black and Latino men. Law suits that have been filed against the city because of the stop and frisk policies, include; Charles v. City of New York which challenged the unlawful arrest of resident for filming stop and frisk encounter, Ligon v. City of New York which challenged the NYPD’s aggressive patrolling of private apartment buildings, and Matthew v. City of New York questioning the punitive quota system in 42nd NYPD precinct. (NYCLU, n.d.) Continuing the trend of stop and frisk at a disproportionate rate is increasing a police tactic that is often frowned upon racial profiling. Some communities have coined phrases based off interactions with the police while black, for example, â€Å"driving while black†, â€Å"walking while black†, and â€Å"laughing while black†. Slavery, Jim Crow Laws, and segregations have all been abolished, but in a sense continuing the policy of stop and frisk it is the new Jim Crow law. Allowing officers to stop and frisk and individual due to theirShow MoreRelatedSensationalizing Criminal Activity in the Media934 Words   |  4 PagesThe med ia constantly reports on criminal activity and crime as a whole within our community in which it has every right to do. 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Ama, Learning Free Essays

In this essay, the learning cure theory will be discussed, and also applying to L+H fashion limited (L+H) which will benefit by using the learning curve. In the last section, the limitation of learning curve will also be discussed. Part A (i) Introduction for learning curve theory Learning curve is a concept that measuring the experience of a skill gained by an organization, and how fast it can be master. We will write a custom essay sample on Ama, Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the experience gained, the workers performance will be improve, time taken will be decrease, and therefore the productivity will grow up. Also, according to Steven (2010), learning curve is a significant technique for management to predict the time needed for the future task (p. 1). It can also be useful for the several areas, for instance, making a pricing or budgeting decision, estimate the wages cost and planning schedule of work. In addition, learning curve is based on the task doing by human and must be in repetition. And Steven (2010) point out that the learning curve doesn’t help to reduce cost, it only occurs when the management take action. Introduction for the organization In the following section, the learning curve theory will be apply to L+H Fashion Limited (L+H), they are manufacturing of knitwear which is 100% hand made and also made in Hong Kong, from design, product development, knitting, linking, stitching, labeling to packaging. (ii) Introduction First of all, the learning curve can be applied in L+H since there are many procedures is doing by human and those procedures will unchanged because of L+H is only produce the knitwear, also those procedure are in repetition. Such as stitching, the workers have to stitch up those parts of the knitwear by hand. In this situation, the learning curve can be apply, because if the worker stitching the first knitwear, it will spend more time to find out the way. Move to the second one, the worker will more confidence and faster to stitch it, in repetition the task, the worker can be more efficiency. Furthermore, since they would like to be a high fashion brand in Hong Kong, and providing high quality knitwear to the other high fashion brand, so they are now considering should they accept the new contract, build up their own brand or both. The learning curve can be use to helping them to consider the budgeting, pricing, detecting the design bugs, future operation decisions and determine the human resourse. Budgeting In this case, if the learning affects taken into L+H, it is easily for them to evaluate the rate of learning and the time reduction. It can provide a reliable standard to measuring the actual performance of the product line. Therefore, the management can obtain the most near information, giving them a forecast of revenues and expenditures. Thus, they can evaluate their performance, and control the waste from error, setting the budgeted goal. Beside the goals set by the learning effect is more motivation for the workers. Such as production budgeting, they can estimate the production unit to meet the budgeted goal. Since they would like to provide the knitwear to the new contract, they can forecast the cost, human resources and material need for the new contract. They should use learning curve, because the simple analysis will ignored the learning effect, so that the performance may underestimate. It can also help to set a standard for guiding the workers, use to ake sure the quality of knitwear, control the cost and to establish the bonus plan. So that the management can confirm the knitwear having a high quality to fulfill their goal that being a high fashion brand. They can also estimate the product cost, since the cost is foremost element for pricing decision To conclude, it can help L + H for budgeting, since it can give them a accuracy forecasting, to let them set up a budgeted goal to motivate the workers, to measur e their performance more exact, and the management can use to set out a guide to standard the task. Pricing It can help in pricing strategic. Since the learning curve can be determine the cost, manpower for the task and predict time of the whole project. For instance, the procedures of knitwear are made by the workers, so that the labor costs become significant factor. They can foresee how much for the labor cost before they accept the contract. Also the material cost. In addition, when the production increase and the cost will be drop down, they can sell the knitwear at a lower price, and attracting the new customers choosing L+H and to gain the market share at the high fashion cycle. So that they can produce more knitwear and the cost will be further decrease. To summaries of the pricing, it is helpful for them to making price decision, use to having a lower price which is attracting the new customers. Decision making – future operational Thirdly, it can help management to making decision for future operation by using the data provide by learning effect. L+H can consider should they provide the knitwear to the other brand or build up their own brand. Because the resources are limited, they can find out the most profitable future operation decision. In additional, they can also consider should they provide training course to the worker, to make the procedure become more efficient. Furthermore, they can plan to make advertising or giving discount to the customer, because they become more efficient and the cost will be deduced, so that they can have more budgets. And this action can make them become more famous and attract the new customers. In concluding of this part, it is useful for them to find out the business orientation which is most benefit for them, and the future action should be making. Detected the designed bugs Moreover, they can find out the designed bugs and correct it immediate. Since the L + H will do the task repetition, so that there are more product produce with the same equipment. The designer can seek out the insufficient of the design of knitwear. It is help to devolve their product and make it more perfect. Moreover, it can help to reduce the waste of error and also to reduce the labor hours since they can find out which part is wasting resources and to redesign the knitwear. Thus, they can know how to use the lower cost to make the better knitwear. To sum up, since the designed bugs can be detected, they can prevent the waste of material, time and the labor hours. Also it can used to improve their product. Determining human resourses For determining the human resourses, as L+H become more efficient, the management can reassign the manpower, eliminate the unnecessary task or recruit additional worker. So that they can ensure the contract can be finish on time and the quality won’t be affect even they have to produce more knitwear. At the same time, the human resourses can be use in the best way. It can also help to plan the schedule of work to hit the production target, and forecast of the date of delivery. A round up of this part, the human resourse can be reallocate, and it is useful for cost saving. Part B Limitations Firstly, there is an assumption of learning curve that the production must be continues less of significant impediment. In case of the impediment occur the learning curve will be change. For example, when the entity employed a new worker to participate the activity, because of the learning curve performed by the experienced staff, the new worker will not be subject to learning curve. Secondly, any change of the learning environment such as design, the supply level and quality of materials, employee’s morale and people attribution, will affect the learning curve. For instance, the upgrade of facilities may affect the knowledge of the worker, their productivity may drop down, so the learning curve may obsolete. Also, since learning curve is based on the time of producing, nevertheless it is hardly to ensure the real data obtain for the calculation, so that the management expectation may be wrong. The company culture may also influence the learning curve, such as the bonus for workers, working hours per day. For example, the worker zeal of the task will decrease when the job nearly end, it will make the curve drop down. In additional, difference people having difference absorptive capacity, so that the time of finishing task will be difference. Lack of consistence is fail to meeting target which is decision by learning curve theory. Last but not least, the learning curve need the task is in repetition, if the task is not repetitive the learning curve cannot be applied. Conclusion To conclude of the whole essay, the learning curve is a tool for management making decision and to become more efficiency to reach the goal. Also, the learning curve can be use in many ways. In part A (ii), discussed in the application of learning curve in L+H, they can use it for budgeting – helping them to set out the company goal and guidance, pricing – to having a lower price to increase their price competitiveness, decision making – to decide the most profitable general direction, detect the design error – to make the design become more perfect and determine the human resourse – to use the manpower most efficient. So that they can seek out the best way to continues their business. In the next part, the limitations of learning curve are discussed. There are six limitations have been probe, the learning curve is lack of continuity, there shouldn’t have any change of learning environment, the difficulty of obtaining the information, the company culture, human learning ability and the repetition of task. Reference List 1. Steven, Grahame, (1999) ‘The learning curve: from aircraft to spacecraft? Management Accounting, May 1999 2. http://secure. gslb. cimaglobal. com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/ma_may_99_p64-65. pdf [assessed 01. 11. 2012] 3. Steven, Grahame, (2010) ‘The learning curve: The key to future management? ’ Research executive summary series, 6(12) 4. Steven, Grahame, (2004b) ‘Steep in history’ CIMA Insider, Jul/Aug. , pp. 23-24 5. Steven, Grahame, (2004a) ‘A minor departure’ CIMA Insider, Sep. , pp. 24 6. L+H Fashion Limited http://www. lplush. com/LplusH. html [assessed 01. 11. 2012] How to cite Ama, Learning, Essay examples

Genre Conventions in Cinema and Film free essay sample

This paper looks at the depiction of women in the film making industry. The author argues that the inferior societal role of women is still depicted in the way female characters are represented in films and that the male patriarchal dominance is still evident today. The paper focuses on two films: Letter From an Unknown Women and The Piano, which speak for females and about females, and still fall victim to the male-dominated world in order to gain recognition and audience. Sex objects, housewives, heart broken lovers, and caring mothers this are the role of the female in Hollywood cinema and other film forms. The societal role of the women has changed yet social consciousness within the genre conventions of the womens film has remained. The womens film is made to target female viewers, by using topics, which the patriarchal Hollywood society of directors and producers feels are appropriate for the housewives of the post-war era to learn and be entertained about. We will write a custom essay sample on Genre Conventions in Cinema and Film or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the evolution of the womens film, ?women could ruin their lives get free of everything down at the movie house for twenty-five cents with butter on their popcorn.? (Basinger, 1993) A womens cinema, is the first movement where women were making films themselves, for and about women. Although the womens movement has been active since before the 1950s when women were told to go back to the home and return to being both as consumers and items for consumption. Film and Cinema has continued to further suppress and enclose women within the male dominated hegemonic world, which continues to exist in the cinema with insignificant change or evolution.