Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Global Epistemological Skepticism Essay - 1132 Words

Epistemological skepticism is the idea that individuals lack knowledge or justification for a specific group of propositions (Barnett, 2014). Skepticism with respect to all propositions is known as global skepticism, and it reveals that knowledge is nonexistent (2014). The regress problem is a difficulty in epistemology, where an idea has to be justified, because the justification itself has to have further reasoning (2014). The infinite regress argument concludes that individuals lack justification and knowledge (since knowledge requires justification) through its premises, but non-doxastic evidence ends the regress argument without circularity or arbitrariness. The infinite regress argument dates back to Sectus Empiricus, 3rd century†¦show more content†¦First, B cannot be a reason for B itself, and second, a reason for B cannot alternate between B and that reason. In other words, circular reasoning is expelled from being proper justification, and foundational reasons are not sufficient due to the absence of a further reason. If both conditions are true, then the chain of reasons for any belief is potentially infinite or unlimited. The problem with infinitism is that an infinite number of beliefs, whether potential or not, do not exist. Humans have finite minds and finite lives, and eventually after being questioned numerous times there will be no more reasons that could be possibly formed to justify a belief. For example, when a child continues to ask his or her parent â€Å"Why?†, after a series of reasons the parent will not be able to devise an answer to the question. Therefore, infinitism is not a strong response to skepticism. Coherentism is the view that individuals have justified beliefs, which result from a finite system of beliefs that promote each other non-circularly without the requirement for justification outside of the system (2014). For coherentism, justification is a procedure in which all of the beliefs are seen wholly as a system rather than individual parts. For example, V, V, and V are beliefs. The beliefs V, V, and V work together to achieve epistemic justification without the need for any furtherShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The World Through The Study Of Knowledge1862 Words   |  8 Pagesapproaches to epistemology is that they are incapable of effectively dealing with standards and inquiries of justification. Naturalized epistemologies questions the tradition in arguing that the sort of cognitive processes is more of a central epistemological interest than the search for elements and justification. However, Traditionalists have replied by challenging the logic of the descriptivist’s assertion to be epistemologists to some extent (i.e Dretske 1985, Kim 1988, Stroud 1984). One methodRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy Essay2099 Words   |  9 Pagesknowledge, Descartes then states that the logical next step would be to doubt every single thing that we believe, as without certainty, nothing can constitute knowledge. Certainty plays a pivotal and yet simple role in Descartes argument for global skepticism, yet its role is one that evolves throughout his meditations. Descartes starts off saying that only one thing is truly certain - the fact that nothing is certain – and from there goes on to explore what we can and cannot be certain of. DescartesRead MorePhilosophy Syllabus1562 Words   |  7 PagesCity COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Second Semester, AY 2015-2016 COURSE SYLLABUS HUM 102 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY 3 Units Prerequisite: None UNIVERSITY VISION A University which shapes a global Filipino imbued with moral courage nurtured through values and excellent education. UNIVERSITY MISSION Batangas State University commits to develop productive citizens by providing the highest standard of instruction, research, extension serviceRead MorePhilosophy 101 Study Guide Essay3857 Words   |  16 Pagesdown; Plato his prized student wrote down everything and that’s how we know about it/him and Aristotle was Plato’s student. Chapter 4 What’s the difference between local skepticism and global skepticism? Local skepticism is the view that one can not possess knowledge in some particular domain. Global skepticism is the view that one can not know anything at all. Why did Descartes insist that we begin by doubting everything we thought we knew? His aim was to use this method of doubtingRead MoreAn Ideal Social Policy Of The Rule Of Law And The Way Amendments Essay1841 Words   |  8 Pagesentrepreneurship culture. In addition, improving the economy by increasing employment through having an entrepreneurial society raises the potential of social capital. In this way, there is calculated risk-taking, which ensures individuals’ business ideas get a global platform for prosperity. Successively, entrepreneurialism provides a country with significant mechanisms to address and improve the ecosystem around by improving the education, security, healthcare systems, and other auxiliary services such as banksRead MoreBakit hangad ng mga bansang Asyano na magkaroon ng pambansang Wika?5719 Words   |  23 Pagesabsolutely certain. It is from this point that Descartes proceeds to demonstrate  God’s existence and that God cannot be a deceiver. This, in turn, serves to fix the certainty of everything that is clearly and distinctly understood and provides the epistemological foundation Descartes set out to find. Once this conclusion is reached, Descartes can proceed to rebuild his system of previously dubious beliefs on this absolutely certain foundation. These beliefs, which are re-established with absolute certaintyRead MoreStarbucks Thesis12058 Words   |  49 Pagesgood social citizens while still being profitable. Acting social and ethical responsible has become an expectation rather than a differentiation strategy to obtain organizational legitimacy. Therefore, this thesis examines how the very successful global coffee company, Starbucks, communicates its CSR initiatives through its corporate website. The aim is to investigate what is communicated, what different online communication channels are utilized, as well as how the communication is framed toRead MoreCritical Thinking - Literature Review12815 Words   |  52 PagesCritical Thinking: A Literature Review Research Report Emily R. Lai June 2011 CRITICAL THINKING 1 About Pearson Pearson, the global leader in education and education technology, provides innovative print and digital education materials for pre-K through college, student information systems and learning management systems, teacher licensure testing, teacher professional development, career certification programs, and testing and assessment products that set the standard for the industry. Pearson’sRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pagesyo-yo, forever destroying and remaking itself in never-ending big bangs. Each of the cosmological theories has, at different times, found totally ironclad evidence t o support it. So, given that every paradigm in every place at every time has had epistemological reasons for being the only right one thus far, why does the boat get rocked time and again, why are waves made, why does change happen, when everything is fine as it is? Even if there are a few wrinkles in an otherwise fully adequate explanationRead MoreImpa ct of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagesyo-yo, forever destroying and remaking itself in never-ending big bangs. Each of the cosmological theories has, at different times, found totally ironclad evidence t o support it. So, given that every paradigm in every place at every time has had epistemological reasons for being the only right one thus far, why does the boat get rocked time and again, why are waves made, why does change happen, when everything is fine as it is? Even if there are a few wrinkles in an otherwise fully adequate explanation

Monday, December 23, 2019

A Social Problem Attention From The Media And Judicial System

After the community began to take notice it became a social problem drawing attention from the media and judicial system. Numerous lawsuits have been filed against the city on the basis of individuals who have been subjected to the use of the policy. Multiple lawsuits questioned the legality of the actions taken by the officers in the course of the search. The communities most affected by the policy are those living in the low income areas. They are subjected to disproportionate stops and frisk mainly targeting black and Latino men. Law suits that have been filed against the city because of the stop and frisk policies, include; Charles v. City of New York which challenged the unlawful arrest of resident for filming stop and frisk encounter, Ligon v. City of New York which challenged the NYPD’s aggressive patrolling of private apartment buildings, and Matthew v. City of New York questioning the punitive quota system in 42nd NYPD precinct. (NYCLU, n.d.) Continuing the trend of stop and frisk at a disproportionate rate is increasing a police tactic that is often frowned upon racial profiling. Some communities have coined phrases based off interactions with the police while black, for example, â€Å"driving while black†, â€Å"walking while black†, and â€Å"laughing while black†. Slavery, Jim Crow Laws, and segregations have all been abolished, but in a sense continuing the policy of stop and frisk it is the new Jim Crow law. Allowing officers to stop and frisk and individual due to theirShow MoreRelatedSensationalizing Criminal Activity in the Media934 Words   |  4 PagesThe med ia constantly reports on criminal activity and crime as a whole within our community in which it has every right to do. However, the media often sensationalises crime in order to create ‘moral panic’ within the community, using it as a way to control how the public perceives current community issues. ‘Some people may be led to a â€Å"blind† acceptance of the â€Å"reality† of such presentations as constructed by the media’ (Crime and Justice, 2012, Pg. 63) Because a majority of the public have minimalRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Violation Of Human Rights1609 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition). As well as being a complex social problem domestic violence is a crime. Victims are most often women, and whilst men can also fall victim, they are most often the perpetrators. Ultimately domestic violence is a violation of human rights, denying victims the right to live free from fear of violence. Describe the workings of the justice system relevant to your chosen issue and how they have acted to assist/impede the achievement of justice The NSW legal system responds to domestic violence inRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Our Society1471 Words   |  6 PagesWith a touch of a finger through smartphones, this alert system activates an urgent bulletin to galvanize the community for assistance and safety. Today, mass media has undergone a significant change in terms of how they reach out to the public. During the early 19th century, the dominant form of media was the printing press through newspapers, magazines, and books. Eventually, the late 19th century throughout the 20th century, broadcast media provided easier access for entertainment, political issuesRead More criminal justice Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagesreferred to the judicial branch of government. Constitutional law has always been fascinating subject, as it broaches the areas of guaranteed legal protections. Landmark decisions change the course of history and determine which rights the people have and have not. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The book addresses the obvious problems. First, the author identifies the division between liberal and conservative judges. These two divisions have played a huge role not only in the court systems, but in theRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Crime And Justice1538 Words   |  7 Pagesreports, the media reports and the government documents that are involved in one way or the other on crime and justice. The first three are from peer reviewed journals. 1. Moulin Xiong, Richard G. Greenleaf and Jonah Goldschmidt: Citizens attitude towards errors in criminal justice; implications of the declining acceptance of Blackstone ratio The authors in this journal attempt to bring to light the attitude of citizens towards a principle commonly used in the criminal justice system, on the punishmentRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. 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The Young Women’s Christian Organization traces its roots back to the Victorian Era England, where two separate organizations, Emma Robart’s prayer Union and Mary Jane Kinnard’s General Female Training Institute, were chartered in 1855. As the industrial revolution brought sweeping changes to establish ideology of women’s place in the home, these two initiatives shared a concern, for the physical, mental, and spiritualRead MoreEssay On Accountability946 Words   |  4 Pagesappropriating almost 100 million USD of the inflated money. The judge was assisted in this scheme by senator ‘Luiz Estevao’ and the owners of the company that were given the contract to construct the building (Mota Prado and Carson, 2016). Problems with accountability The process of accountability, via which political corruption is brought to light, investigated, and punished is immensely important for three reasons. First, it improves the effectiveness, and leads to impartiality inRead MoreCritical Theory : A Critical Perspective925 Words   |  4 Pagestheory. Among them, the hegemony that privileged groups to exercise power through a variety of institutions, especially political, judicial and education systems, to safeguard their way to dominance of other groups. As all known, Frankfurt School is famous for Critical Theory. Critical theory, which is that people on the history of civilization, critical reflection of social reality and the formation of theories, not only including Critique of Pure Reason, but also includes the traditional Marxist critique

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Ama, Learning Free Essays

In this essay, the learning cure theory will be discussed, and also applying to L+H fashion limited (L+H) which will benefit by using the learning curve. In the last section, the limitation of learning curve will also be discussed. Part A (i) Introduction for learning curve theory Learning curve is a concept that measuring the experience of a skill gained by an organization, and how fast it can be master. We will write a custom essay sample on Ama, Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the experience gained, the workers performance will be improve, time taken will be decrease, and therefore the productivity will grow up. Also, according to Steven (2010), learning curve is a significant technique for management to predict the time needed for the future task (p. 1). It can also be useful for the several areas, for instance, making a pricing or budgeting decision, estimate the wages cost and planning schedule of work. In addition, learning curve is based on the task doing by human and must be in repetition. And Steven (2010) point out that the learning curve doesn’t help to reduce cost, it only occurs when the management take action. Introduction for the organization In the following section, the learning curve theory will be apply to L+H Fashion Limited (L+H), they are manufacturing of knitwear which is 100% hand made and also made in Hong Kong, from design, product development, knitting, linking, stitching, labeling to packaging. (ii) Introduction First of all, the learning curve can be applied in L+H since there are many procedures is doing by human and those procedures will unchanged because of L+H is only produce the knitwear, also those procedure are in repetition. Such as stitching, the workers have to stitch up those parts of the knitwear by hand. In this situation, the learning curve can be apply, because if the worker stitching the first knitwear, it will spend more time to find out the way. Move to the second one, the worker will more confidence and faster to stitch it, in repetition the task, the worker can be more efficiency. Furthermore, since they would like to be a high fashion brand in Hong Kong, and providing high quality knitwear to the other high fashion brand, so they are now considering should they accept the new contract, build up their own brand or both. The learning curve can be use to helping them to consider the budgeting, pricing, detecting the design bugs, future operation decisions and determine the human resourse. Budgeting In this case, if the learning affects taken into L+H, it is easily for them to evaluate the rate of learning and the time reduction. It can provide a reliable standard to measuring the actual performance of the product line. Therefore, the management can obtain the most near information, giving them a forecast of revenues and expenditures. Thus, they can evaluate their performance, and control the waste from error, setting the budgeted goal. Beside the goals set by the learning effect is more motivation for the workers. Such as production budgeting, they can estimate the production unit to meet the budgeted goal. Since they would like to provide the knitwear to the new contract, they can forecast the cost, human resources and material need for the new contract. They should use learning curve, because the simple analysis will ignored the learning effect, so that the performance may underestimate. It can also help to set a standard for guiding the workers, use to ake sure the quality of knitwear, control the cost and to establish the bonus plan. So that the management can confirm the knitwear having a high quality to fulfill their goal that being a high fashion brand. They can also estimate the product cost, since the cost is foremost element for pricing decision To conclude, it can help L + H for budgeting, since it can give them a accuracy forecasting, to let them set up a budgeted goal to motivate the workers, to measur e their performance more exact, and the management can use to set out a guide to standard the task. Pricing It can help in pricing strategic. Since the learning curve can be determine the cost, manpower for the task and predict time of the whole project. For instance, the procedures of knitwear are made by the workers, so that the labor costs become significant factor. They can foresee how much for the labor cost before they accept the contract. Also the material cost. In addition, when the production increase and the cost will be drop down, they can sell the knitwear at a lower price, and attracting the new customers choosing L+H and to gain the market share at the high fashion cycle. So that they can produce more knitwear and the cost will be further decrease. To summaries of the pricing, it is helpful for them to making price decision, use to having a lower price which is attracting the new customers. Decision making – future operational Thirdly, it can help management to making decision for future operation by using the data provide by learning effect. L+H can consider should they provide the knitwear to the other brand or build up their own brand. Because the resources are limited, they can find out the most profitable future operation decision. In additional, they can also consider should they provide training course to the worker, to make the procedure become more efficient. Furthermore, they can plan to make advertising or giving discount to the customer, because they become more efficient and the cost will be deduced, so that they can have more budgets. And this action can make them become more famous and attract the new customers. In concluding of this part, it is useful for them to find out the business orientation which is most benefit for them, and the future action should be making. Detected the designed bugs Moreover, they can find out the designed bugs and correct it immediate. Since the L + H will do the task repetition, so that there are more product produce with the same equipment. The designer can seek out the insufficient of the design of knitwear. It is help to devolve their product and make it more perfect. Moreover, it can help to reduce the waste of error and also to reduce the labor hours since they can find out which part is wasting resources and to redesign the knitwear. Thus, they can know how to use the lower cost to make the better knitwear. To sum up, since the designed bugs can be detected, they can prevent the waste of material, time and the labor hours. Also it can used to improve their product. Determining human resourses For determining the human resourses, as L+H become more efficient, the management can reassign the manpower, eliminate the unnecessary task or recruit additional worker. So that they can ensure the contract can be finish on time and the quality won’t be affect even they have to produce more knitwear. At the same time, the human resourses can be use in the best way. It can also help to plan the schedule of work to hit the production target, and forecast of the date of delivery. A round up of this part, the human resourse can be reallocate, and it is useful for cost saving. Part B Limitations Firstly, there is an assumption of learning curve that the production must be continues less of significant impediment. In case of the impediment occur the learning curve will be change. For example, when the entity employed a new worker to participate the activity, because of the learning curve performed by the experienced staff, the new worker will not be subject to learning curve. Secondly, any change of the learning environment such as design, the supply level and quality of materials, employee’s morale and people attribution, will affect the learning curve. For instance, the upgrade of facilities may affect the knowledge of the worker, their productivity may drop down, so the learning curve may obsolete. Also, since learning curve is based on the time of producing, nevertheless it is hardly to ensure the real data obtain for the calculation, so that the management expectation may be wrong. The company culture may also influence the learning curve, such as the bonus for workers, working hours per day. For example, the worker zeal of the task will decrease when the job nearly end, it will make the curve drop down. In additional, difference people having difference absorptive capacity, so that the time of finishing task will be difference. Lack of consistence is fail to meeting target which is decision by learning curve theory. Last but not least, the learning curve need the task is in repetition, if the task is not repetitive the learning curve cannot be applied. Conclusion To conclude of the whole essay, the learning curve is a tool for management making decision and to become more efficiency to reach the goal. Also, the learning curve can be use in many ways. In part A (ii), discussed in the application of learning curve in L+H, they can use it for budgeting – helping them to set out the company goal and guidance, pricing – to having a lower price to increase their price competitiveness, decision making – to decide the most profitable general direction, detect the design error – to make the design become more perfect and determine the human resourse – to use the manpower most efficient. So that they can seek out the best way to continues their business. In the next part, the limitations of learning curve are discussed. There are six limitations have been probe, the learning curve is lack of continuity, there shouldn’t have any change of learning environment, the difficulty of obtaining the information, the company culture, human learning ability and the repetition of task. Reference List 1. Steven, Grahame, (1999) ‘The learning curve: from aircraft to spacecraft? Management Accounting, May 1999 2. http://secure. gslb. cimaglobal. com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/ma_may_99_p64-65. pdf [assessed 01. 11. 2012] 3. Steven, Grahame, (2010) ‘The learning curve: The key to future management? ’ Research executive summary series, 6(12) 4. Steven, Grahame, (2004b) ‘Steep in history’ CIMA Insider, Jul/Aug. , pp. 23-24 5. Steven, Grahame, (2004a) ‘A minor departure’ CIMA Insider, Sep. , pp. 24 6. L+H Fashion Limited http://www. lplush. com/LplusH. html [assessed 01. 11. 2012] How to cite Ama, Learning, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Genre Conventions in Cinema and Film free essay sample

This paper looks at the depiction of women in the film making industry. The author argues that the inferior societal role of women is still depicted in the way female characters are represented in films and that the male patriarchal dominance is still evident today. The paper focuses on two films: Letter From an Unknown Women and The Piano, which speak for females and about females, and still fall victim to the male-dominated world in order to gain recognition and audience. Sex objects, housewives, heart broken lovers, and caring mothers this are the role of the female in Hollywood cinema and other film forms. The societal role of the women has changed yet social consciousness within the genre conventions of the womens film has remained. The womens film is made to target female viewers, by using topics, which the patriarchal Hollywood society of directors and producers feels are appropriate for the housewives of the post-war era to learn and be entertained about. We will write a custom essay sample on Genre Conventions in Cinema and Film or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the evolution of the womens film, ?women could ruin their lives get free of everything down at the movie house for twenty-five cents with butter on their popcorn.? (Basinger, 1993) A womens cinema, is the first movement where women were making films themselves, for and about women. Although the womens movement has been active since before the 1950s when women were told to go back to the home and return to being both as consumers and items for consumption. Film and Cinema has continued to further suppress and enclose women within the male dominated hegemonic world, which continues to exist in the cinema with insignificant change or evolution.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace

Skaine (1996) defines sexual harassment as â€Å"unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature†¦when submission or rejection of this conduct explicitly affects an individual’s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment † (p. 11). The two types of sexual harassment identified by the law are quid pro quo and hostile environment. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Harassment at the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Quid pro quo refers to a condition where an employee is forced to provide sexual favors to an individual at a higher job rank in exchange of benefits at the workplace. On the other hand, hostile environment refers to a state where employees are harassed by offensive sexual behavior or any other act or state that intimidates a person sexually at the workplace (Geffner Braverman, 2005). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act protects employees against discrimination of any nature at the workplace. The Act protects employees from discrimination by their employees either in terms of gender, ethnicity, racial background, religion or any other form (Repa, 2010). The scenario being experienced at the workplace provides that members of staff are offended by the personal photos and calendars hung in the back of the kitchen that are sexual in nature. Some of these items have been given to the staff from suppliers. The objects hung do not belong to just one individual and are making the other staff members uncomfortable. The other staff members asked for the items to be taken down and have even taken them down themselves, but that has caused more items to be hung up in their place. From this scenario it is evident that the employees are offended by the pictures and this is a case of a hostile work environment. The rights of the employees have been violated yet they have the right to be protected from sexual harassment. In this scenario, sexual harassment is experienced by the employees and the kitchen manager should take action to protect the rights of the employees. As the kitchen manager I would ensure that all the complaints are dealt with immediately and appropriately. All pictures identified to cause sexual harassment should be removed and no more pictures of a similar kind should be displayed in future. It is good to discuss the issue with the employees and assure them that it is regrettable that such an offensive act has been happening and that a similar occurrence would not be experienced in future. A comfortable work environment is a right to all employees and it would be my duty to ensure that all employees are comfortable at the workplace. Moreover, injunction should be placed against suppliers providing materials which are offensive. To add on that, personal pho tos bearing offensive photos should be banned at the workplace.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore conclusive that employees have a right to be protected against sexual harassment. Sexual harassment consists of all environmental conditions at the workplace which are sexual in nature and are offensive. It is the responsibility of the management of the organization to ensure that all the employees are comfortable at the workplace. To avoid a similar occurrence in future, employees of the organization should have the freedom to express their grievances and to discuss matters that may affect them at the workplace. References Geffner, R. and Braverman, M. (2005). Aggression in organizations: violence, abuse, and harassment at work and in schools. Routledge. ISBN 0789028425, 9780789028426 Repa, B. K. (2010). Your Rights in the Workplace. Nolo. ISBN 1413312101, 978141 3312102. Skaine, R. (1996). Power and gender: issues in sexual dominance and harassment. McFarland. ISBN 0786402083, 9780786402083. This essay on Sexual Harassment at the Workplace was written and submitted by user Kasen Flynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, November 25, 2019

School Uniform Policy essays

School Uniform Policy essays I have heard a lot of talk about a uniform policy being enforced in our public school. Since this is an important topic of discussion, not only in our school but also in schools across the nation, I would like to share with you my view on this topic. Both sides have a good reasoning on this issue, but I believe that a safe and disciplined learning environment is the first necessity of all schools; therefore making school uniforms mandatory would not hurt but benefit our school system. There are many ways our school can enforce the uniform policy and make it more effective within the student body this would in turn help to promote school safety and reduce peer pressure, while enhancing the learning environment. The first problem that school uniforms will raise is about style. However, this problem can be solved to make students feel more comfortable in the uniforms. There are now a variety of styles and options available that would make uniforms more acceptable to students and parents at school. For example, polo shirt and chino pants, or oxford shirt and chino pants. Alternatively, you can take the same fabric materials and make a variety of styles such as skirts, shorts, and slacks. This would make the color, fabric, and basic pattern remain the same for all students whiling giving them a variety of styles to chose from and making the clothes more comfortable for students to wear. Requiring styles that are more comfortable and fabrics would help keep both students and parents happy. Furthermore, since America is "free country we cannot take away students freedom of speech and expression. Therefore, if students are unable to express themselves through their clothing then we should offer other opportunities for students in order to protect their rights of expression. For example, we can allow students to wear specific clothing, such as yarmulkes and headscarves; during the school day if it is part of students' religious prac...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

International Competitive Status and Cross Culture Management of Essay

International Competitive Status and Cross Culture Management of Revlon Inc - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Revlon Inc.’s market share for cosmetics has dropped since 1998, and the company showed only one quarter as profitable from the last 8 years. The company’s growth started suffering in the 90s when the entire cosmetic industry sale to the retailers declined due to heavy competition. It is observed that the global cosmetic industry has been experiencing constant growth from 2009, but fall down in 2013. Revlon Inc.’s profits and income signifies that the company growth has been unstable. Revlon Inc. has developed its reputation in the cosmetic industry in areas like fragrance, skin care, and personal care. The company is also looking forward to business growth and various beneficial opportunities. The company’s data has given sufficient proof that in the near future, Revlon Inc. will grow positively and it will become the most valuable company as it was before. It is observed that company focus too much on profit ability in personal care products; they should also support corporate social responsibility by sponsoring events for woman’s health issues. The decision for choosing Revlon Inc. was a rationale for the rise and fall of cosmetic industry came into knowledge. The cosmetic industries sale and distribution are spread among various different countries. There are huge competitors in this industry and Revlon Inc. plays an important part in this competition. They compete with the competitors in terms of net income, goodwill, brand name, social responsibility etc. Revlon Inc. in all these categories has played a very important role and at the same time, the company has ensured for constant growth and survival in the industry.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Why Has Apple become increasing popular Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why Has Apple become increasing popular - Essay Example The company started as a computer company with the best known hardware being the Mac computers, the iPhone, iPod music player and the iPad tablet computer. All of the company’s hardware operates on consumer software known as the iOS operating system and for comparison purposes it can be likened to Microsoft’s operating system called Windows. The company has gone through a dynamic metamorphosis from a computer company to a consumer electronics company since its founding days in 1976 to present. The incorporation’s consistent innovation and inventions I the information technology industry has seen it steadily rise to become one of the leaders in the market. This can be attributed to a myriad of factors that have been strategically combined the founders of the company to facilitate the transition of the company from just a mere computer company to a giant in the industry. This paper seeks to discuss the factors behind Apple Inc.’s increasing popularity in the global consumer electronics market.... The advent of the internet and rapid advancement in information technology (IT) resulted in globalization and the propagation of mobile communication devices (West, Joel & Mace 2). Steve Jobs was the co-founder and owner of Apple Computers Inc. and his accredited with turning the company’s fortunes around when he designed, developed and introduced the iPhone into the company’s products portfolio. The company changed its name to Apple Inc. an indication that it was breaking away from tradition and venturing into the consumer electronics industry. The consumer electronics industry is characterized by electronic equipment meant for everyday use in office productivity, entertainment and communication (Gross 3). This can be lauded as Apple Inc.’s turning point to profitability after its slump pre-consumer electronics era. This led to the growth of Apple’s market share into a global phenomenon changing its previous market niche of the US only. The companyâ€℠¢s venture into the consumer electronics market with the iPhone, iPod and iPad revolutionized the mobile device communication and technology (Bostic 1). The combination of the introduction of new consumer electronic products and consistent innovation of mobile phones, personal computers and portable music players can be attributed to Apple’s rise in the industry. Apple Inc. operates in a technology intensive market that is characterized by cutthroat competition and a constantly changing environment in terms of product relevance and market dynamics. Technology is at the core of Apple’s contemporary market that ranges from commonplace consumer products which is the main focus of its niche market to esoteric products. Apple’s Steve

Monday, November 18, 2019

A Manifesto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Manifesto - Essay Example With regard to its aesthetic qualities, it has the qualities of beauty, harmony and symmetry where none can be taken or added that would not impair the totality of the design. My initial role in design is to first learn to create a good design. A good design requires multidisciplinary approach which includes ability to draw, manipulate computer, take pictures, understand color theories and to create concepts through images that people could understand. After learning these things, my role then transformed to be able inspire, create, improve and learn. I believe that a good design is a product of inspired moment that is aptly captured and have physical attribute for others to be inspired as well. That process of giving inspiration a physical attribute so that others may see is the creative process of rendering the inspiration. This creative process however is never completed and must constantly be improved to optimize the best design possible. On my end, I must also continue to learn so that I can better render the inspiration that I have. I treat design as an artwork. My value towards it similar to fine artists and painters who would first look and feel for an inspiration and then make that emotion to be felt in their work. I could also say that my life is reflected in my designs. It is because my design is the expression of myself. And myself is the collection of my experience, knowledge, beliefs, hopes, aspirations, my sense of beauty, or anything that made me a person. And this is expressed and seen in my design. Getting it out of me to make a good design is not an easy process and could take time but I believe that it will be worth the effort because the output would surely be beautiful. My personal values about design are a lot. Firstly, I truly believe that art imitates life. In this aspect, graphic design is one of the expressions of art. Design is an expression

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Project procurement and risk management

Project procurement and risk management PROJECT PROCUREMENT AND RÄ °SK INTRODUCTION The management of the processes of purchasing or acquiring the services ,products or results needed from outside the project team to perform the work is defined as project procurement management or the processes to purchase/acquire products, services and results from outside the project. The main actors are†The Buyer† and the†The Seller† and central is the contractual obligations and regulations.Central is also how the purchasing process within the project is structured, with formal approvals and routines[16].In procurement process we have to consider the Business aspect,financial aspect,routines,instructions,investment aspect,subcontracting and every step in procurement will need its own tools Risk analysis,Investment calculus,vendor evaluation,quality assurance,specification determination,contract forms. 1. SPECIFICATION OF PLACE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT. 1.1 NEW PROJECT OF GW For the first and second assignment, our company hasnt had any specific project. We only made the scope analysis, management plan, policy, stakeholder analysis, organizational chart within the subjects of Project Management, Quality, Human Resources, and Communication Management.(1,2) For the third assignment, The Company GW has a current project, which is now on going. We have been ordered to make a solar thermal power plant to the area of desert of Arizona, United States. The ordered is made by the United State Government. There should be installed a solar thermal power plant to be built in 5 years. The target of this plant is to generate 275MW energy per year. The energy gained from the solar power, will be used in order to meet the electricity need of the towns that are the closest ones to the solar power. According to the assumption, if 1 average roof is capable to be built 20 solar panels on it, it is expected that this amount of solar energy will meet the electricity needs of approximately 40000 building such as home, school, businesses, and public buildings. The usage of renewable energy will definitely provide the United State Government to make a reasonable profit. Since it doesnt cause any pollution, there will be generated a new perspective for environ mental aspects, and it will repay its installation cost in a short period of time. 2. MAKE A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSÄ °S FOR YOUR PROJECT 2.1 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS When we were making the scope analysis of GW, in Assignment I, we already mentioned that, stakeholders are any group, party, organization or people, that somehow plays a role within the whole project. They affect or are affected by the actions that the organization performs. Stakeholder analysis identifies the stakeholders and their interests, defines their roles and related responsibilities and specifies whether, and to what extent, their expectations are treated as requirement in the project [3,4,5]. 3. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE AREA OF DESERT OF ARIZONA IN MIND DUE TO RESOURCES (MAPS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION) As we have discussed in our scope analysis, as The Company of GW, our main objective is to set up high quality and efficient solar power plants with a reasonable cost. Since we are also aware of keeping the harmonious balance of energy, one of our aims is also to compensate the energy need by providing the environmental protection to keep the earth green. In order to have a high efficient plant with a high quality, it is quite crucial to pay attention at which the installation will be done. Because the available resources play the most important role, after setting up a plant, in terms of efficiency. Efficiency for a plant can be found by the formula; desired output / required input. This formula can also be explained verbally; the highest efficiency we can get from a plan is 100% that is equal to 1 for this formula, which is impossible to obtain for the real life since we cannot have the ideal conditions. But in order to increase the efficiency to approach to zero, by a simple mathematics, we can say that, we need to keep the output higher as much as we can, while decreasing the input value. How we can decrease the required input value to nearly zero is by utilizing the natural resources as well as we can, which is the solar energy for our case. Therefore, it is very important to build up new plants to the regions, where there can be found high temperature and more sunny days available. Therefore, deserts take the first place in the ranking, when it needs to make a prioritizing. There is also one advantage that deserts can be used as a land for solar power systems, because there is no need any environmental impact such as lake (as it is needed for hydroelectric dams), or coal plants. There are also many advantages to install the plants in the United States as the land; * United States is the leader for the power research and development. * It is one of only two countries in the world that has the largest scale of solar power. * Since Arizona is located in the southwest of US, the feature of warm and sunny climate makes the desert of Arizona more favorable location for solar power. * This solar power plant not only reserved by the people live around it, but also affects some other people by rebates and tax credits. As it is also explained in the website of Department of Energy of United States ; â€Å"Specific federal and state tax laws permit private companies and homeowners to credit the purchase price of their solar power systems against their annual income tax payment.†[6,7] 4. LIST OF ITEMS NEEDED GW needs to identify the needed goods and services. This should be identified according to GWs organization chart and procurement plan. After identifying the needed goods and services, the suppliers which will successfully fulfill the contracts and supply good and services, should be found. The suppliers should be chosen according to their technical capability, experience and human resource capability. Here is a list of needed items and services for GW: Materials Services  § Office Equipment  § Rental Cars  § Meeting Rooms  § Restaurant/Cafeteria  § Security Stuff  § Computer Services  § Cleaning Supplies  § Tax Services  § Insurance Services  § Electric Services  § Heating Services  § Air Condition Services  § Building Repair Services  § Telecommunication Services  § Transport Services  § Treatment of Office Materials Service  § Education Services (for personnel trainings)  § Scientific and Technological Services (for industrial analysis, researches)  § Food and Drink Provider Service  § Security Service Table 2: List of item needed As we see in the table, most of the services and materials are the basic needs of company. These are not changeable according to the projects. According to the project, the use of these items may change. Also the needed items list has to be renewable all the time. The departments may need new items during the projects. Then these items should be added to the list. It means that this list can change in every phase of the project but as it is mentioned before, most of these items will be kept as basic needs. If new items would be identified in later phases of projects, the list can be detailed.[8,9] 5. MAKE OR BUY DECISION The act of making choice between producing an item (in -house ) Internallay or buying it from external source (Supplier) is make-or-buy decision. Make-or-buy decisions arises usually when a company has developed a product or modified a product or having trouble with current supplier or changing demand of the product. Make-or-buy decisions also occur at the operational level. Analysis suggest the following considerations that are in favor of making a part in-house (1) * The considerations of cost * To integrate the plant operations * The Productive utalisation of excess the plant capacity * The Need of direct control over production and/or quality * The Better quality control system * To protect Proprietary technology design. * Unreliable suppliers,No competent suppliers * Desire to maintain a stable workforce (in periods of declining sales) * The too small Quality to interest a supplier * lead time Controle , warehousing and transportation, costs * Greater assurance of continious supply. * Provision of a secondary source * The Political, environmental or social reasons. Some of the factors which influence may be on the firms to buy a part externally include: * Lacklessness of expertise,Suppliers research and specialized know-how exceeds that of the buyer * Consideration of cost. * Low-volume requirements. * Facilities of limited production or insufficient capacity * Strong desire of maintaining a multiple-source policy * The Indirect managerial control considerations. * Considerations of Procurement and inventory. * Preference Brand * Those Item which are not essential to the firms strategy There are two most important points to consider in a make-or-buy decision are and the availability of production capacity the cost . Obviously, the firm who buy will compare production and purchase costs.It provide the major elements included in this comparison. Elements of the â€Å"make† analysis include: * Carrying costs. * The direct labor costs. * Factory overhead costs * Purchased material costs which is delivered * Managerial costs. * Any other costs stemming from the quality and related problems. * Increasing purchasing costs, Increasing capital costs. Cost considerations for the â€Å"buy† analysis include: * Purchasing price,and transportation costs of the items. * Ä °nspection and reception costs. * The Incremental purchasing costs. * Any of the costs which is related to quality or service. 6. RISK ANALYSÄ °S (RA) FOR SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT TO THE AREA OF DESERT OF ARIZONA 6.1 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL The Desert of Arizona solar boom will impact social and economic dimensions of the region. Nearby residents and visitors will face the burden of increased traffic, pollution, noise, and infrastructure that will diminish the aesthetic qualities of the desert. A fringe impact of solar parks is increased land prices caused by growing demand from private industry. Economically, solar thermal parks will produce manufacturing and construction jobs. These jobs could provide more revenue for the surrounding community, increased investment in the local economy, and a larger tax base.[11,12] 6.2 RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL ON VEGETATION, WILDLIFE, AND WATER The Desert of Arizona is home diverse species and ecosystems, and large solar parks could be physical stressors on these desert systems. Considering the fragility, diversity, and complexity of the Desert of Arizona, large solar thermal parks could disrupt healthy ecosystems and augment pressures on already stressed species .Limited water supplies also complicate the benefits of solar thermal. 6.3 RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL ON DESERT SOIL ECOSYSTEMS: ASSESSMENT ENDPOINT The Desert of Arizona has recently caught the attention of scientists because of its ancient origins and carbon sequestration capabilities. Made up of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. The recent scientific literature regarding carbon sequestration in deserts is both new and solar power is perceived as a ‘clean energy source, reducing carbon production while providing much-needed energy. The production capabilities in Desert of Arizona could supply with most of its energy needs. Therefore, the goal of this project is to determine whether the installation and operation of solar thermal plants will impact carbon sequestration capabilities of the Desert of Arizona ecosystem and ecosystem services to the extent that more carbon is released or inhibited from being stored than saved while utilizing solar technology.[13] 6.4 QUALITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS: POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SOLAR THERMAL PLANTS ON THE DESERT OF ARIZONA It is clear that the desert ecosystem will be disturbed and destroyed during the installation of the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants in the Desert of Arizona. However, it is unclear, and therefore our primary question for this analysis, whether the sum gain of carbon saved by building and operating new solar thermal plants rather than operating fossil fuel power plants is greater than the sum loss of carbon that occurs when the desert habitat is disturbed and destroyed, thus altering the carbon sequestration abilities of the ecosystem. We approached this analysis in both a qualitative and quantitative manner. We will first describe the descriptive analysis of the risks associated with installation and operation of the CSP plants, followed by the quantitative approach of applying a cost-benefit analysis to compare net carbon gains by using CSP plants rather than an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (ICGG) plant, which uses â€Å"clean coal† technology.[14] 7. RA WHAT TO DO IF THE RISK OCCURS ? 7.1 CARBON LOSS DUE TO INSTALLATÄ °ON OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS Carbon sequestration is thought to occur on a variety of levels within desert and semi-arid ecosystems. The primary stressor in this analysis is the physical destruction of the habitat that will occur with the installation of the solar collecting facilities, roads, and transmission lines or towers. While CSP plants are large, some estimate they use less land area than hydroelectric dams or coal plants. Nonetheless, existing vegetation, including the aboveground biomass and belowground plant tissue and roots will be cleared prior to installation of CSP plants. Additionally, it is assumed that biological soil crusts will be destroyed and alkaline soils will be removed during the CSP installation process, especially if land leveling, contouring, and construction of stabilizing features for high desert winds are needed. While the soil may only be displaced and later deposited in other desert areas, we assumed the stored carbon was released into the atmosphere. This may be an overstatemen t of the potential effect; however, we decided to assume the scenario causing the greatest impact given the limited available information. 7.2 LOSS OF FUTURE CARBON SEQUESTRATION WITH THE OPERATION OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS In addition to the loss of stored carbon, the CSP facility and supporting infrastructure will likely inhibit the future sequestration of carbon across the inhabited area. Some researchers such as Schlesinger are skeptical of the high flux rates especially given the lack of information to support where the carbon is stored and whether carbon sequestration within desert biomes has increased since the Industrial Revolution. However, if these desert ecosystems do sequester large carbon pools, then large alterations of the ecosystem will likely result in the loss of future sequestration capabilities for the global carbon budget. 7.3 OTHER POTENTIAL IMPACTS AS A RESULT OF INSTALLATÄ °ON AND OPERATÄ °ON OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS Although the majority of this analysis has characterized solar thermal as a physical stressor, CSP plants also pose chemical risks. CSP plants may use molten salts to store the thermal energy and these oxidizing salts may pose both health and ecological risks. Furthermore, impacts will occur on water supplies and resources, as water is piped from limited aquatic systems; Desert of Arizona, some of which may have declining populations; and nearby human communities. These impacts were not evaluated in this risk analysis but should be considered in a more comprehensive evaluation. 7.4 QUANTITATIVE RA/ COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS The objective of this cost benefit analysis is to weigh the possible costs of building a solar thermal plant in the Desert of Arizona. The scope of this cost benefit analysis will be limited to solar thermal plants located in Desert of Arizona, and the currency used will be carbon. It is important to note that these values are estimates and the quantitative analysis is limited to carbon. In a comprehensive risk assessment, a full ecological cost benefit analysis would be conducted in order to measure the true costs of a solar thermal plant. Other parameters that would be considered include impacts on the Desert of Arizona of the region, water resources, social and economic implications and land costs. Carbon costs of construction and operation of the solar thermal plant were calculated based on a review of the primary literature. Carbon released from disruption of Desert of Arizona soil, construction of the solar thermal plant, and disruption of carbon sequestration capabilities were considered in the evaluation. [15] 8. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS FLOWCHART CONCLUSION In this paper we define and implement the project procurement and risk management for our green show project,we specify the place and size of our project and also analysis of stackholders were made .We also investigate the area due to resources and geographical information .A list of items like systems ,services and materials etc was made and finally we also perform make or buy decisions for the items.Both types of qualatative and quantitative risk analysis was also made.We present a risk management plane in the form of flow chart with roles and resposibilities.We come to a point that project procrutment and risk management is the most important area of project management. REFERENCES [1] http://www.jasolar.com/ [2] http://michaelbluejay.com/sri/solar.html [3] http://maps.google.com/ [4] http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0209-solar.html [5] http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0113-energy.html [6] http://news.discovery.com/tech/ten-places-harness-solar.html [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plants_in_the_Mojave_Desert [8] http://xeno.ipaustralia.gov.au/tmgoods.htm [9] http://www.treasury.gov.lk/FPPFM/pfd/circulars/NPACircular11.pdf 10) http://www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/make-buy-decision [11] SOLAR THERMAL IN THE MOJAVE DESERT, 13 March 2009. [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plants_in_the_Mojave_Desert [13] http://www.aps.com/ [14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Energy_Generating_Systems [15] Financing Solar Thermal Power Plants, Rainer Kistner and Henry W. Price, April 1999. [16] Erika Lecture notes

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Saving the Ballona Wetlands Essay -- California Nature Environmental E

Before development exploded in California, the state contained about 5 million acres of wetland habitat. Unfortunately, over the years California has been willing to part with 91 percent of its wetlands, Southern California having lost 95 percent. Los Angeles County has only one wetland remaining. This being the Ballona Wetlands located between Marina del Rey and the Westchester bluffs, it was once a major part of California’s natural wetland systems. Before development, Ballona wetlands natural habitat covered 2002 acres. This area, 800 to 1000 acres, referred to as Playa Vista by its owners is made up of salt marsh freshwater marsh and part upland and dune areas. It is considered Los Angeles’ largest ‘wetland ecosystem’. Although degraded over the years it still functions as a normal natural wetland - providing vital services. A major function it provides is that it filters out toxic wastes and pollutants from stormwater runoff before they reach the Santa Monica Bay. It is "a coastal plain, and acts as a flood plain for the surrounding area" (FOBW Information folder 1998: Fact Sheet). Ballona is an integral part of the Pacific flyaway, providing vital feeding and nesting habitat for over 185 species of birds, including some on the federal endangered species list. The southwestern willow flycatcher, an endangered species, was just recently seen by developers in an area cleared for construction. Ballona is no doubt a welcomed refuge to all species, both flora and fauna, from the industrial landscape of Los Angeles. The Friends of Ballona Wetlands have said it is "a spawning ground for commercial and sport fish, and a vital source of nutrients for the entire coastal marine environment" (FOBW Information folder 1998: 20 years of C... ...na Wetlands." http://eco.bio.lmu.edu/www.ballona/fbw.htm. 22 Jan. 98. Friends of Ballona Wetlands Information Folder. "Friends of Ballona Wetlands: 20 years of Commitment," "Fact Sheet," "Mission Statement: Friends of Ballona Wetlands" 1998. Helgeson, Rubell. Commentary. "A Phony War to Save the Ballona Wetlands." Los Angeles Times 6 Dec. 1996: B10. Lynch, Glen. Interview. The Ballona Free Press. [Westchester] May. 1997: 2. Tagawa, Rick. "History of the Ballona Valley." The Ballona Free Press. [Westchester] Nov. 1997: 2. Additional References not cited Ballona Land Trust Mission Statement http://www.life.net/wetlands/bmission.html Effort To Protect Ballona Wetland Moves Forward http://www.house.gov/harman/flapgate.htm Protestors Target Spielberg, ‘Lost World’ http://www.channel2000.com/news/stories/news-970520-202436.html

Monday, November 11, 2019

Long Term vs. Short Term Focus in Communication Essay

There are pragmatic differences between sales promotion and advertising, which marketers must bear in mind when attempting to communicate with the customers. The same case will apply when marketers attempt to communicate with customer by defining the appropriate media and non-media communications that are aimed at driving customer interest, demand and sale upwards. Brand value does not always increase the sale of the product depending on the price of the product and affordability. Instead, brand value may be more instrumental in customer retention. In the short term, discounts have the potential of increasing product sales, but in the long term, the customers’ perception of the product may be negative or positive as they ponder over why there was a discount. Primary Differences between sales promotion and advertising There are fundamental differences between sales promotion and advertising. Advertising is the form of communication via the diversity of media with the goal of persuading and making people aware of products or services. Advertising is equally a service to the target and consumers to inform them with truthful contents that are ethically generated in order for it to be accepted by the public. Advertisements are clear, truthful, tasteful, precise, original, reputable and ethical communications to the public. (Guideline Marketing, 1998). Sales promotion is the application of incentives to elicit a positive reaction by the consumer. Sales promotion gives the consumer advantages of using the product or service on promotion. Sale promotions are characterised by sponsorship, free gifts and vouchers, public forum of information, exhibited, educative and consultative. Therefore the fundamental difference between and advertisement and sales promotion is the on their acceptability by the consumers. (Guideline Marketing, 1998). Some media and non-media marketing communication that are typically employed to increase customer interest, demand and sales The media marketing communication that are typically employed to increase customer interest demand and sales are digital media, print media, pod casting , narrow casting and broadcasting, posting mails, telephone marketing, among others. (Promotion and integrated marketing communications, 2007) Non media marketing communication that are typically employed to increase customer interest, demand and sales are price discounts, non-media advertising, special offers, sales coupons, product and services sampling, product and service price rebates, competitions and raffles, games, product and service premium offers and counter promotions. (Promotion and integrated marketing communications, 2007) Does brand value always increase with increasing sales of the product? Not always does value always increases with increasing sale of the product. Perhaps it may help in customer retention. But in some instances, it can increase sales because more sales are a sign that the customers are crediting the brand as well as their perceptions to the product. This has implications that more sales are solidifying the brand value as long as the product is being sold for the purpose of brand building. Brand values that have increased sales due to high sale imply that the brand value is attractive. When the sales increase, there are signs that the customers are satisfied and are bound to make references to other over the value of the brand. (Bacak, 2006). How discounts have the potential to affect short term sales and long term brand value. Under a good marketing management, discounts have the potential of positively affective the short term sales and long term brand value depending on the perceptions of the customers on the brand following the discount. The understanding discount strategy is that the sale force is not overwhelmingly profit motivated. Instead, the priority is to create value that customer perceive as satisfactory. Most business would create a discount to enable more consumers interact with the product or service. (Lin & Lin, 2007, p. 1-131). According to Aaker (1991), discounts will provide short term sales competitiveness while customer benefit from the value that will be enhanced in the long term. During the time that a brand is under discount sale force, the consumers are given a chance to identify the product or service with their needs. (Lin & Lin, 2007, p. 1-131). An example of products where price discounts positive short term sales increase and long term brand value is the cosmetics. In this case the higher the discount the higher the sales as long as the brand image is highly placed. Thus as soon as the discount is initiated, the short term sales shoot up and the consumers perception of the brand shift and this may be positive or negative. If negative, the consumer could be expecting even more price discounts in the long term. (Lin & Lin, 2007, p. 130). Conclusion: This marketing communication paper has come out with very important lessons. First, in order to be successful in marketing communication, it is important to understand the fundamental differences between sale promotion and advertising so that the choice of media and non media communication can be rewarding to the marketing plan. Second, the possibility of an increasing brand value to increase sale is hinged on other factors like affordability. Finally, product price discounts have a short term effect of increased sales but a mixed effect on the brand value in the long term. Reference Aaker, D. A. (1991).Managing Brand Equity:Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name, NY: The FreePress. Bacak, M. (2006, March 18). The Benefit of Branding: Increase Your Sales and Promote Your Product by Building a Solid Brand. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Benefit-of-Branding:-Increase-Your-Sales-and-Promote-Your-Product-by-Building-a-Solid-Brand&id=163889 Guideline Marketing, (1998). Guidelines for publicity, advertising, practice promotion and allied marketing activities. Retrieved on April 10th, 2009, available at http://www. capelawsoc. law. za/Files%20for%20New%20Website/Guidelines/Advertising%20E. doc Lin, N. & Lin B. , (2007, August). The effects of Brand Image and Products Knowledge on Purchase Intention Moderated by Price Discounts. Journal of International Management Studies. P. 1-131. Promotion and Integrated Marketing Communications, (2007). Marketing communications. Retrieved on April 10th, 2009, available at http://www2. cob. ilstu. edu/jsattaw/MKT%20230/Lectures/Lecture%209%20–%20Promotion%20and%20Integrated%20Marketing%20Communication. ppt

Saturday, November 9, 2019

LGBT and P.O.P.E. Professor Ramos Blog

LGBT and P.O.P.E. THe article starts off as Fr.Bryan Massingale starts to walk into a makeshift church in Tukana, that was filled with the odar of goat dung and swarms of flies. Holding in his gagging he realizes that he has come to baptize people who have walked over 2 hours just to be in a shack among sheep. He then realizes what its like to be among the flock as hes praying for grace to hold on. Father massingale then relates his experience of his thoughts of these people to how the church can view homosexuals. He recalls the decision by the united states conference of catholic bishops to force over 70 clerics to resign due to their sexual orientation. â€Å"The Catholic Church’s treatment of LGBT persons has become, especially for Millennial Catholics, a litmus test for its ethical credibility and moral authority. Church documents speak about LGBT persons. But no official statement or outreach begins by speaking with them and engaging their experiences or those of their families.† Fr.MAssingale also points out that pope Francis tends to be criticized because of his action of ‘smelling like the sheep’ especially when referring to homosexuals, who ARE NOT A SENSITIVE SUBJECT TO POPE FRANCIS. He continues by saying if we can be there for the struggling women who just wish to be a part of Christ and the church, can we be there for the homosexuals who are still seeking Christ, through their struggles, journeys, and ways, much as he ignored and prayed for grace through the baptism of the women though the church was a shack that was filled with caca. Although impure, Christ is still sought. Questions: why do you think the church itself is hard to accept LGBT community members, if our pope has no problem? What makes the homosexual different than one on birth control, one who discriminates and anyone else whos sins are not as criticized?

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Dos and donts for the First Day of Classes

Dos and donts for the First Day of Classes You Should and Should not Do during the First Class Almost every student finds the beginning of a new semester exciting. You are going to have new classes, new teachers, maybe new mates, a fresh start Here are some tips that might help you when it comes to having a good first day of classes. Arrive Early The first impression is very important and nothing can be worse than being late to the first class. It shows disrespect to the professor and your fellow classmates. Since it is the first class, you might have never been to this classroom before. For this reason, it is necessary to get to know where the class will take place ahead of time. You can have a walk there the day before you actually have that class. Do not Sit in the Back of the Class During the first week of classes, students mentally claim their spot so pick your one wisely once you first walk in the classroom. It is not necessary to sit in the very front, but make sure you do not pick the seat in the very back, as well. By sitting in the back row, you will find that there are so many distractions there and chances are that you will not be able to hear what your professor says or see what he writes on the board. The middle will do just fine. Read the Course Syllabus Beforehand A good way to have a head start in your classes is to thoroughly read the syllabus. This will help you be prepared to ask important questions at the first class and to know what to expect from every teacher. Do not Wait until Last Moment to Purchase Textbooks You should purchase or borrow all the necessary textbooks as soon as it is possible. Many professors prefer getting started right away and if it takes more than a week for your textbook to be delivered, that already puts you behind. The day your professor tells you what book you will need, you should start searching for it. Exchange Information with a Friend Making a friend in each of your classes is often easier said than done, especially when you are studying at a big college. During your first day, ensure you have somebody you can contact from every class you attend in the case you have any questions related to the class. This is very helpful in case you miss a class or do not understand a certain assignment. Do not Procrastinate If your teacher gives you an assignment right at the first class, make sure to get started on it as soon as it is possible. If you start procrastinating from the very beginning, it will be very difficult to stay on track later.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Tell a story of significance to your family. Tell it in scene Essay

Tell a story of significance to your family. Tell it in scene - Essay Example My grandfather chose to go with Batista, Cuba’s former president; he collaborated with the US and became an American spy. This way, he gained an asylum in America together with his family when things turned sour back in Cuba. I can still remember that day; it was a chilly Thursday in 1961. Grandpa woke everyone up unusually early, urging us to get ready as we were relocating to a safer place. When all of us were ready, I heard a rumbling sound outside our house. ‘Grandpa, what is that? Why are we dressed up?’ I had a thousand more questions to ask him. He leaned on his knee, took my arms in his and said’ my dear, do not worry. That is an American helicopter that will take us to our new home.’ The thought of flying in a helicopter calmed down my fears and uncertainties. From the helicopter, I could see the beautiful world below. My younger brother missed all this, as he was fast asleep in my grandpa’s laps. Within a short time, we landed in Miami international airport. I marveled at its size and beauty. A van already packed there was waiting to take us to our home. Everyone was excited and tired at the same time. We settled in Little Havana, which is renowned for its large population of immigrants initially Jewish, but currently hosts many Cubans. Little Havana occupies the western side of the great Miami. I loved it

Saturday, November 2, 2019

International Marketing - Brazil Country Notebook Term Project Paper

International Marketing - Brazil Country Notebook Project - Term Paper Example The success of a business depends on culture. Culture varies from country to country depending on the origin, religion or cultural practice of the indigenous population. In fact, the tradition of the indigenous and the effect of religion in behavior is advance. For example, Brazil population is affiliated to Catholicism and the impact of religion may be adverse in some areas. However, Christianity offers the opportunity for success through integration and acceptance. Brastemp is a company dealing with kitchen equipment with the main focus being on cookers and fridges. It targets export to countries such as the US, Argentina and other South American countries. However, in the next decade the company intends to supply its product globally by venturing into Asian and African markets. The origin of the Brazil nation is under dispute by archaeologists. However, the beginning of the nation can be traced back to the native population described by the Portuguese colonizers as Indians. In the early discovery there were over 2000 tribes living in Brazil. The nature of the population owing to the difference in origin is complex with a diverse approach to business and other related activities. The history of Brazil is a complex story with diverse conflicts in academic report or work. In fact, the country’s history is divided into several eras with the main focus being on the colonization era. For business, the population and preference is vital because they help in determination of the market quality. Geographical setting Brazil is locates in the South America continent and is covers almost half of the continent. It is the largest country in the continent but has diverse coverage. The total area coverage is 8,514,215km2 which is both land and water combined. It is border

Thursday, October 31, 2019

OSHA Workplace Safety and Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

OSHA Workplace Safety and Security - Assignment Example 3. The NFPA 704 diamond helps employees, as well as firefighters, know what hazards are in buildings. Name the four areas of the diamond, including the associated colors. For an extra two points, explain the numbers that you might find in the diamond; which indicates most hazardous and least hazardous. The four areas of the diamond are red (flammability), blue (health), yellow (instability), and white (special area with water or oxidization). Numbers inside the diamond range from zero (indicating minimal hazard) to four (indicating severe hazard). 4. Why was the NFPA founded in 1896? The NFPA’s mission is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on peoples’ quality of life by â€Å"providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, education, and training.† 5. Please match the following terms from chapter 8 with the following definitions. Each answer is only used once. (Hint---Get the subparts out of the way first) A. NFPA 101 X B. Flammable liquid X C. Boiling point X D. Emergency action plan X E. Flammable liquid rooms X.  

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Security Planning for Airlines Control and Safeguard Systems Essay Example for Free

Security Planning for Airlines Control and Safeguard Systems Essay Scenario 1 FlyWithUs Airlines has started a new low-cost carrier service to link major cities such as New York City with small towns. A few of the airports that service FlyWithUs are located in remote areas and are ill-equipped to handle emergencies. The airline also has a charter service that flies to locations around the world. In some remote areas, where the airports are small, help may not be immediately available in the event of an accident or some other crisis. Due to a failure of the air traffic control information system, a FlyWithUs pilot is forced to make a manual emergency landing. The plane skids off the runway and finally comes to a halt in the wilderness lining it. Five people are hurt, and one woman is critically injured. The airport does not have an ambulance on standby. By the time an ambulance arrives from the nearest hospital, which is 150 miles from the airport, the woman is dead. Question: Could this have been the result of a cyberattack on the transportation industrys critical infrastructure? Could FlyWithUs have prevented this situation? If yes, what measures could they have taken? Could they have stationed their own ambulance at the airport to handle emergencies? Should their pilots have been better trained to make emergency landings? Select one of the three case studies discussed at the end of Module 6 and respond to the reflection questions. Scenario 2 The U.S. Army has chartered a flight to Afghanistan in order to transport soldiers needed because of a recent rise in attacks by the Taliban. At a stopover point, FlyWithUs discovers that refueling is not possible because fuel supply lines have been cut due to rebel activity. The team and the plane are now stranded and are waiting for help. Question: How could information systems have been used to prevent this from  happening? What types of security measures are now needed to secure the airplane, its passengers, and its cargo in this dangerous situation? Is there any way in which FlyWithUs could have ensured a fuel supply? Could the airline have arranged to carry extra fuel? Scenario 3 The IT department has updated the antivirus software on all computers except for this one, because this computer was placed outside the firewall for a short period for trial purposes. Although the computer was brought back within the firewall, the system administrator failed to update the antivirus. Question: How do you think this situation could have been prevented? Could the IT department have conducted regular inventories of the software on each computer to identify missing patches? Could the IT department have implemented a process to ensure that no computer is moved outside the boundaries of the firewall?

Sunday, October 27, 2019

ESSENTIAL SKILLS AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED APPLYING FOR JOB IN HOTEL INDUSTRY

ESSENTIAL SKILLS AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED APPLYING FOR JOB IN HOTEL INDUSTRY Hotels and motels are not only places where one can obtain great food and comfortable rooms; they are also the center of community life, with facilities for meeting, entertainment, communication and personal service. Their stock in trade has always been hospitality and service, and hotel and motel have made an art of dispensing comfort, pleasing the palate and creating an atmosphere of home for guests. As far as career opportunities are concerned, in United States alone, the hospitality industry is one of the largest of all industries, surpassed only by the automotive and food industry. Wage and salary opportunities in hotel and other accommodations is expected to increase by 17 percent through 2012, compared with 16 percent growth projected for all industries combined. Dr. Robert A. Beck, former dean of the School of Hotel Administration, Cornell University, and an eminent consultant, describes the challenges and opportunities of the Hotel industry. The hospitality industry offers todays young men and young women a most interesting and exciting career. Management of a hotel or a restaurant calls for a wide range of capabilities. Guests must be received with cordiality and provided with comfortable, well-designed, and tastefully decorated surroundings. They need appetizing, wholesome food that has been wisely bought, properly stored, skillfully prepared, and graciously served. Various other conveniences in public areas, conference and exhibit rooms, communication systems, and travel systems are required for proper guest service. Further, a staff of employees must be recruited, trained, and motivated to provide hospitable service. Moreover, all must be successfully coordinated to return a profit to the establishments investors. For those wishing a rewarding and challenging life in service to their fellow man, a future in the hospitality field should certainly be considered. SKILLS AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES: Social Skills: At the core of this profession is service and hospitality, so people need to enjoy working with people and helping to teach, inform and entertain them. Social skills generally include talking to people and making them feel at ease with you. If the person does not possess excellent social skills, then it will be very difficult for him to survive in the service industry. A guest would never like to stay at a hotel where the staff is stiff and unfriendly no matter how beautiful and comfortable the hotel is. respectful, patient and tolerant: Graciousness is one of the key personal skills needed in the service industry. At times, the customer will truly test your patience but at times like that one must be polite with irritable, short-tempered customers. It is important to remember to never quarrel with the customer as he is the reason for your bread and butter. The most basic quality in a manager is for him to be respectful to others. Pride is the most precious thing to people and if the manager takes that away from his employees, they will never trust him again. That will make extracting work from them very difficult. A managers job is to make sure that the employees are learning, growing and performing to their utmost potential and that can only be achieved through a relationship of mutual trust and kindness. Leadership skills: The most important job of a leader is to assist the employees and his team into giving their best efforts towards the organizational goal. Leaders inspire others to act by setting a good example. They drive and perseverance spurs others on. A leaders responsibilities are many. He must inspire others, be able to give positive and negative feedback, organize and entrust projects and responsibilities, solve problems and make decisions and monitor the teams progress and setting goals for himself and his team. Business skills: Business skills are important for any employee in the hotel industry. He should have sound knowledge of the profitability aspect of his hotel. He should be completely aware of the organizations goals and the strategies developed to achieve those goals. He should know sources and methods of the funding and management of the resources. Business skills also include human resource management and delegating work and resources. Valuing diversity: To work with an assortment of individual cultures at one place is tough. Especially in this day and age of competition, if a company recognizes and respects individuality, then it can maintain a strategic edge over others. These cultural differences, if managed positively can foster creativity, better decision making, higher performance and competitive advantage. In the hotel industry, one is constantly meeting people from different cultures, backgrounds and language. It is essential to not only understand but also respect people from diverse societies and locations. A person can understand more about culturally different people by travelling around the world and interacting with such people. Besides that, reading can also teach a person much about different customs and traditions. It is important that the guests feel right at home when they visit your hotel and the only way to do that is to make the environment as close to their own environment as possible. Ingenuity and imagination: Since the hotel industry is a highly competitive industry, the customer must not only have a good but a delightful experience to gain his loyalty. For this, employees in the hotel industry must introduce originality, creativity and imagination in their service. It is also essential that they are also given enough resources and authority by their employers in their tasks to completely satisfy the customer. Inventory management skills: Inventory management skills include purchasing, stock control and merchandise display. Inventory management skills consist of proper planning strategy of the stock and supplies to be purchased, how they will be transported to the destination, where they will be stored, when will the new stock be ordered and how long will it take to be delivered. Since the hotel industry is highly competitive and gourmet is an essential part of the hotel industry, it is essential that the food served is always fresh, cooked well and nicely presented. Along with that, it is important for the person managing the inventory to be a good negotiator so that he may get maximum utility out of the price paid for the supply. Negotiator: Negotiation is gaining the favor of people from whom we want things such as money, justice, status and recognition. Both technical and non-technical persons need negotiating skills to obtain help from and support of colleagues, supervisors, peers, customers, suppliers and even friends and family. In the hotel industry one is constant negotiating with customers, colleagues, and suppliers and needs to be quite skillful at it. Technical Skills: Technical skills mean having the ability to understand and aptitude to function the techniques, equipments and methods used in the organization. These skills are important in all fields of job whether its finance, engineering or manufacturing. Rodney Mott, plant manager at Nucor Corp.s new Hickman, Arkansas, steel mill, needed technical skills to decide on the installation of a new $50 million caster, which turns liquid metal into bands of steel. The move nearly doubled the Hickman plants capacity, to 36000 tons a week. Technical skills are particularly important al lower organizational levels. It is very difficult for a manager to survive in the business world if he does not possess adequate technical skills. His initial escalation in the organization depends on his technical skills. But for the top management of the company, the technical skills are not as important as the conceptual skills are. Even in the hotel industry, technical skills are quite important as one will constantly be using or supervising use of new systems and equipments and needs to be an expert at it. Active Listener: Active listening is one of the most powerful personal and management tools. It involves more than just hearing. It involves your powers of observation as well. Observing body language is also a part of active listening as often the words completely contradict the body language. It is the process of taking action to help someone say exactly what he or she really means and then applying that information to the best possible way. In the service industry, active listening is extremely important as it determines the efficiency and the effectiveness of the service delivered to the customers. SAMPLE CV: Objective: to seek the position of a hotel manager in a reputed hotel in order to use all my expertise and proficiency in this area towards the development of the hotel business. Knowledge: Proficiency in MS Access, MS Excel, MS Power Point etc. Proficiency in SQL. Professional Skills: Capable of maintaining customers reservations and creating customer databases Excellent oral and written communication Able to complete assignments within deadline. Able to work and direct teams Capable in handling phone calls and e-mail of customers. Capable of addressing customers complaints and queries. Able to organize big and small events. Educational Background: Bachelors in Hotel Management from Boston University in 1997. Job Experience: Worked as a assistant front office in ABC Hotel from 2005 to 2007 Worked as a hotel manager XYZ Hotel from 2007 till date. Summary: Handled customers queries and complaints via calls, emails and fax etc Handled inventory management Monitored and overseen all employees duties. Administered complete hotel operations SKILLS AUDIT: Social Skills: I believe I have good social skills since I like interacting with people and getting to know them. I have a friendly personality due to which people find it easy to talk to me. They are at ease with me. Often, I have also been the entertainer of my peer group and amongst friends. I also believe in helping people out without expecting any reward in return. In college I am a part of several societies so I am constantly meeting new people and working with them. respectful, patient and tolerant: Since childhood I have been a part of several community services. The experience there has taught me how to be patient, tolerant and respectful towards people. A lot of times, we come across people who prove to be quite difficult and working with them can be quite challenging, but Ive learned very early that politeness can turn any frown into a smile and I apply the same rule in my life. Leadership skills: I have often directed groups and teams in several societies as Im very actively social in my community as well as am a part of a few societies at the university. The most recent experience is leading a group of people who were chosen to prepare an extensive business plan on a new business initiated. Here we had to visit several organizations and people, gather relevant market information, conduct research and develop a whole business plan that comprised of the marketing and promotion plan too. As a leader I took upon myself to delegate tasks to the group members, give them deadline for the task, supervise their work and performance and motivate them to work towards the goal. Business skills: Having courses of business studies has taught me a lot of how a business should be conducted effectively. But I do believe that business management is a skill that cannot be excelled at until one gets practical experience in the same. Valuing diversity: Since I am a part of several societies, meeting people from different cultures and diverse backgrounds is quite common. The challenge I face here is understanding their customs and traditions and respecting them. Some words of actions that are quite respectful here may prove to be quite offensive to them. So one has to be quite careful while working with them. One advantage of working with people from diverse backgrounds is the generation of new and unique ideas that one is introduced to. These differences managed positively can foster creativity, better decision making, higher performance and competitive advantage. Inventory management skills: This summer I had an internship at a local motel where I was assisting in inventory management. My daily duties consisted of physically counting and keeping records of the stock and place order when the supplies were close to their last stages. I also had to make sure that the supplies I ordered were delivered on time and make a check that the delivered supplies were fresh. I was able to handle the job efficiently and it gave me a great experience in the world of inventory management. Technical Skills: I believe I do not have the best technical skills at the time as these are skills that are polished with time and experience. But I do possess proficiency in using the Microsoft Office and can read make reports and financial statements and interpret them. With time, I believe I shall be more adept in technical skills. Active Listener: I use active listening skills every day while communicating with my classmates, friends and even family. By carefully observing their body language and repeating important words of what they are saying, I make sure that I understand exactly what they are trying to communicate to me to avoid any misunderstandings. Active listening is a very important skill that is useful in all aspects of life whether it is college life, family life or work life. REFLECTIVE LEARNING: This module has been very helpful for me in terms of personal development. A few of the skills that I think I must learn/posses are as follows: Peoples person: One thing I have learned is that one needs to be a peoples person. The main task of a manager is to interact with people. These people can be his own organizations employees, his team and staff and it can also be persons from outside the organization that is the supplier, customers or outsourced people. Since every person has a different personality and outlook towards things, the manager must be flexible enough to change according to the situation that requires him to be. Only then can he be a good negotiator and can get things down the way he wants it. Become achievement/results oriented: To survive in the professional world, one needs to become achievement/results oriented. This includes the aspiration to get the assigned tasks completed efficiently and effectively. An achievement oriented manager must constantly challenge himself with new tasks and projects and set and must surpass his benchmark to be the best. But becoming achievement oriented is not easy. This requires proper and vigorous planning and foreseeing all future obstacles and finding ways to meet them. Assertiveness: Assertiveness means standing up for your own rights in such a way that you do not violate others persons rights. Here, you are expressing your needs, wants, and opinions, feelings in beliefs in a direct, honest and appropriate manner. Behaving assertively puts you in a position of being able to influence people properly and react to them positively. Business awareness: It is extremely important to have business awareness if the manager wishes to grow professionally. The manager must constantly look for new business opportunities and must exploit them whenever he can. He should have a clear idea of what his organizations overall goals are and what steps the organization is taking to achieve them. Only then can his organization and he himself can rise in the business world. Excellent communication skills: Communication is an essential tool in the professional life no matter which industry or sector you belong to. The talent to communicate well, orally and in writing goes a long way. The communication skills also include observing the non-verbal communication. It means listening to the words that are being said but also use other clues that convey its meaning. Several things clue the non verbal communication, for example, the shape of the eyes, the muscles of the face, even posture. Collaboration: Collaborating is the work platform of the 21st century. It is the epitome of the we workplace, where extending request and excellent service to fellow workers is the foundation of all interactions. Collaboration takes advantage of the most effective actions possible because it focuses on and utilizes the unique gifts and strengths of the many. Everyones skills complement and reinforce one anothers. Collaboration creates and energy that inspires and motivates. Through collaboration, people gain a stronger appreciation for how their efforts align, add value, and produce results for the company. One more point about collaboration is pertinent. Savvy managers know that collaboration requires employees to be a part of something larger than themselves a project with meaning and importance. To that end, they artfully help employees relinquish ego behaviors, replacing them with mutually beneficial ones. They act consciously to ensure that every person knows how much his or her contribution adds to the projects success. As companies move to more virtual projects executed globally, utilizing a host of virtual communication technologies, collaboration challenges with intensity. Building your collaboration skills allows you to handle disparate work spread across various cultures and times zones and to transcend various boundaries. It becomes your strategy for bringing out the best in each person. Working under unpredictable circumstances: Work is often unpredictable. Situations and circumstances change and due to that the pressure of the project increases. The best laid plans are therefore disrupted and the established priorities are abandoned. In these situations, one needs to be able to handle such circumstances and make quick decisions as they arise. Periodic Trainings: Periodic trainings are very important to keep the employees up to date with the current systems and trends. Many institutions are now offering trainings to their business executives as a means of developing skills. These trainings prove to be very useful in initiating and promoting entrepreneurship. Trainings are required to get sound knowledge of technical and non-technical skills. International trainings are also a good forum for the manager to create new personal relationships and interact with new people. Analyze past mistakes and note down learning points: One way to learn from past mistakes is to analyze the past. Ask yourself what went wrong. What have I learnt from it? How can I improve the situation? Even if one fails to achieve a certain goal, instead of being discouraged he should jot down points of what he has learned from the situation and if he had to face a similar situation again, what would he do differently the next time. Self-analysis is a very effective learning method. Interacting with people from different cultures and environments: To further broaden ones horizon, one constantly needs to interact with people from different environments are cultures. This enables us to learn about the different cultural dynamics and let go of our preconceived notions. This way one also learns to use that cultural diversity to the organizations advantage. When a group of people from different cultures come together originality and creativity is introduced. In todays day and age, where cities are becoming more and more metropolitan, it is important to be able to interact with and respect people from different places and appreciate their difference. personal development plan: What do I need to learn? Develop technical skills pertaining to my professional life. How have I established such need? I have come to know that I am not quite as proficient in technical skills and they are an essential requirement for the kind of profession I wish to pursue. What is the aim of my learning? I aim to be proficient at technical skills. What are the specific objectives I need to achieve? Demonstrate evidence of improvement in these skills. How will I accomplish my objectives? I plan to take courses in new systems and software that are being used in the business world nowadays. I shall also read about the new systems and softwares, their purpose and contribution in the overall organizations goals. What is my timescale? On-going. I plan to keep practicing and learning new systems and soft wares to keep myself proficient.